Question

Suppose that a species of moss cannot coexist with a superior competitor unless there is periodic disturbance. This species is also a frequent disperser. Which conclusion is most likely?

1) The moss is engaged in character displacement.
2) In a constant environment, the moss and its competitor have zero population growth isoclines that cross.
3) The moss is a fugitive species.
4) Both a and b

Answer 1

The most likely conclusion is that the moss is a fugitive species because it depends on periodic disturbances to coexist with a superior competitor and has traits adapted for rapid dispersal.

Step-by-step explanation:

If a species of moss cannot coexist with a superior competitor unless there is periodic disturbance and is a frequent disperser, the most likely conclusion is that the moss is a fugitive species. Fugitive species often rely on disturbances to maintain their niche in an ecosystem where they are typically outcompeted by other organisms. In contrast, character displacement refers to species evolving distinct traits to minimize competition, and this doesn't necessarily apply to this scenario.

When environmental conditions are constant, species with overlapping niches typically can't coexist long-term due to competitive exclusion, meaning that their zero population growth isoclines wouldn't cross. However, if disturbances occur regularly, they can prevent competitive exclusion by creating opportunities for the inferior competitor to persist. Moreover, the trait of being a frequent disperser aligns well with the fugitive species concept, as these organisms often spread to new locations rapidly to exploit temporary habitats created by disturbances.