Final answer:
Only species C and species D can coexist, as species D has a completely different diet, which avoids direct competition with species C. Species A and B cannot coexist due to aggressive competition for the same resources, potentially leading to the exclusion of species B.
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the Lotka–Volterra equations and the given information, the pair of species that can coexist is only species C and species D. This is because species D, as mentioned, consumes completely different types of food from the others, preventing direct competition for resources with species C.
Species A and B are competing for the same prey and exhibit aggressive interactions, which according to the information provided, often result in the death of members of species B. This aggressive form of interspecific competition is likely to lead to the exclusion of one species, possibly species B, from the habitat if the situation does not change. There are several potential outcomes for species B in this scenario: it may adapt to use different resources, change its behavior to avoid competition, or could be driven to regional extinction.
Species C and A have similarities in food consumption but can still coexist due to their shared habitat and balanced access to food. However, the aggressive interaction between species A and B, with a high death rate for B, signifies that coexistence between A and B is unsustainable in the long-term without ecological or behavioral shifts.