Final answer:
Taxation was a critical issue in the creation of the United States Constitution, symbolizing the need for a stronger federal government post-Articles of Confederation. It was one piece of a larger puzzle that involved balancing power between state and federal governments, underpinned by principles of republican governance and consent of the governed.
Step-by-step explanation:
To what extent were taxes the most important consideration when creating the United States' Constitution? While taxation was indeed a significant factor in drafting the Constitution, it was part of a broader concern over the balance of powers between the federal and state governments. Taxes were a symbol of broader federal powers that many, such as Virginia's Patrick Henry, were wary of. Debates at the Constitutional Convention reflected this tension, with a need to strengthen the federal government's ability to impose taxes and command an army, after the inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation, which lacked those powers, became evident. The framers had seen under the Articles that without the power to tax, the federal government couldn't function effectively, which led to issues like Shays' Rebellion and difficulties in maintaining a post-war economy.
The United States Constitution addressed these matters by outlining federal powers, including taxation, in a new, more robust government. It was influenced by the Founders' understanding of various republics and Enlightenment concepts, leading to the incorporation of a system of checks and balances and the acknowledgment that political power came from the people's consent. Ultimately, taxation was crucial but part of a comprehensive reform to create a viable and enduring union, reflected by the inclusion of three branches of government and a stronger central authority.