Final answer:
Tooth decay in infants and toddlers, known as baby bottle mouth, is caused by sugar, specifically sucrose, that is metabolized by bacteria to produce acids, leading to dental caries.Thus the correct option is 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tooth decay in infants and toddlers, also known as baby bottle mouth, is primarily caused by sugar. The process starts when sucrose, a disaccharide sugar found in many foods, is metabolized by oral bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. These bacteria produce acids from the fermentation of fructose, leading to the demineralization of tooth enamel and resulting in dental caries (cavities).
When infants and toddlers consume bottles or sippy cups filled with sugary liquids, they are more prone to developing this condition. Regular dental cleanings, reducing sugar intake, and avoiding excessive consumption of sweetened beverages can help prevent dental caries. Moreover, the use of sugar alcohols, like xylitol, instead of sucrose can reduce the acid production that contributes to tooth decay.