Final answer:
Frequentist statistics involves using a P-value to determine if observed data could have occurred by chance, and a low P-value suggests data are not due to mere chance, supporting the statement as true.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement is indeed true. In frequentist statistics, the primary goal is to assess the likelihood that the observed data occurred by random chance. This is commonly done through hypothesis testing, where a null hypothesis, which often posits that there is no effect or difference, is compared against an alternative hypothesis that suggests that there is an effect or difference. The process of hypothesis testing involves calculating a P-value, which represents the probability of observing data at least as extreme as the data observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.
If the P-value is lower than a predetermined significance level (often 0.05), the null hypothesis is rejected, suggesting that the observed data are unlikely to have occurred due to chance alone, and therefore, the difference is considered to be statistically significant.