Final answer:
A single experiment is not enough to change the theory that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. Extensive and repeated evidence is required for such a well-established theory to be revised or reconsidered, especially when it is a foundational concept in modern physics like the theory of relativity.
Step-by-step explanation:
In response to whether a single experiment showing particles moving faster than the speed of light is enough to change the well-established theory that nothing can exceed the speed of light, the answer is no. Scientific theories are supported by extensive and repeated experimentation and evidence, and one experiment's results, especially if anomalous, are usually scrutinized and require validation through independent replication and additional evidence before theories are reconsidered or revised.
Albert Einstein's theory of relativity changed our fundamental understanding of physics by stating that the speed of light is the ultimate speed limit of the universe. This theory has been supported by countless experiments. For the scientific community to consider revising this cornerstone of modern physics, a significant amount of evidence, which is consistent and reproducible, would be necessary. Such evidence would need to be scrutinized for experimental errors, align with existing theories, or lead to the creation of new theories that better explain the phenomena observed.
Moreover, a distinction must be made between the speed of light as a constant in special relativity and the potential for superluminal (faster-than-light) particles, which require extraordinary evidence, as they would fundamentally change our understanding of physics.