Final answer:
The weak nuclear force is responsible for particle transformations such as beta decay. It is weaker than the strong nuclear and electromagnetic forces but stronger than gravity. The strong nuclear force holds nuclei together, electromagnetic force acts on charged particles, and gravity affects the structure of galaxies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The force responsible for interactions during particle transformations is the weak nuclear force. The weak nuclear force is responsible for processes such as beta decay, a type of nuclear decay that other forces cannot explain. Comparatively, the strong nuclear force is responsible for holding the nucleus of an atom together, the electromagnetic force operates between charged particles and encompasses the interactions of electric and magnetic fields, and gravity governs the attraction between masses on a larger scale, such as the structure of galaxies.
The inverse square law describes the behavior of the electromagnetic force and gravity, indicating that the force's strength diminishes in proportion to the square of the distance between two objects.
When comparing the fundamental forces, the weak nuclear force is much less powerful than the strong nuclear force but plays a crucial role in nuclear processes. The weak nuclear force is stronger than gravity but weaker than the electromagnetic force, highlighting the complex hierarchy and range of influence of these fundamental interactions.