Final answer:
Prosocial behaviors are influenced by principles like reciprocity, where help is given with the expectation of future reciprocation, and social responsibility, where individuals help others out of a moral sense of duty. Observational learning from role models can encourage such behaviors, while the Bystander Effect may inhibit them due to a diffusion of responsibility among people.
Step-by-step explanation:
Social Factors Influencing Prosocial Behavior
Prosocial behaviors are voluntary actions intended to help others, which are influenced by social factors. One of the key principles is the reciprocity principle, which suggests individuals are more likely to help those from whom they have received help or expect to receive help in the future. This is seen as reciprocal altruism where acts of giving are expected to be reciprocated over time, building cooperation and social bonds.
Another important factor is social responsibility, the ethical theory that individuals should help others in need without expecting anything in return, particularly if the individuals in need cannot reciprocate the help. This sense of responsibility can be instilled through social norms and cultural expectations, often leading to altruistic behaviors.
Observational learning also plays a crucial role in prosocial behavior. People, especially children, learn from observing others. When they see others engaging in prosocial behavior, such as parents or public figures demonstrating kindness and empathy, they are more likely to emulate these behaviors. The Bystander Effect and diffusion of responsibility, however, often inhibit prosocial actions in emergencies because the presence of others can decrease an individual's sense of personal responsibility to act.