Final answer:
Species with a Type III survivorship curve typically exhibit density-independent population regulation due to their strategy of producing many offspring with minimal parental care. so, option 3 is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Species with a Type III survivorship curve are likely to exhibit a high death rate in their early life stages with many individuals dying young, and only a few living to old age. This usually results in a rapid growth rate when conditions are favorable. These species typically produce a very large number of offspring, but provide very little or no parental care. With little investment in each individual offspring, these organisms depend on high birth rates to ensure that at least some of their offspring survive to maturity. Therefore, the answer is 3) density-independent population regulation. This type of regulation means that the survival and reproduction of individuals are not influenced by the density of the population.
A species with a Type III survivorship curve is likely to exhibit a fast population growth rate. Type III organisms typically produce a large number of offspring but provide very little or no parental care. Although many of the offspring die at a young age, their sheer numbers ensure the survival of enough individuals to perpetuate the species.