Final answer:
The Rho family is the group of monomeric GTPases that regulates the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, controlling cellular processes such as cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for the group of monomeric GTPases that regulate both the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons is the Rho family. This family includes GTPases such as Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, which function as molecular switches activating downstream signaling pathways that control a variety of cellular processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration, and cell division. The Rho family achieves this by controlling the assembly and activity of the actomyosin system, which is crucial for the contractility of the cytoskeleton.
For instance, the activity of non-muscle myosin II motors is regulated by Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), which is influenced by Rho signaling. Additionally, Rho signaling upregulates actin polymerization through proteins such as the formin mDial. These processes are critical for the formation of structures like focal adhesions that not only mechanically link the cell to its substrate but also serve as important signaling centers, interacting with other signaling molecules like integrins.