Final answer:
The organelle responsible for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using the enzyme Catalase is the peroxisome. These single-membrane organelles play a critical role in cellular detoxification and lipid biosynthesis, safeguarding the cell by breaking down toxic substances into harmless water and oxygen.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelle that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to water and oxygen using the enzyme Catalase is the peroxisome. Peroxisomes are vital to cellular metabolism and detoxification processes. They help to break down molecules like uric acid, amino acids, and fatty acids. Notably, peroxisomes contain the enzyme catalase which allows them to degrade hydrogen peroxide, a potentially harmful byproduct of various chemical reactions that occur within the cell.
Peroxisomes are single-membrane-bound organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They engage in lipid biosynthesis and the detoxification of several poisons, including alcohol in liver cells. By containing the oxidative decomposition of toxic molecules within peroxisomes, these organelles prevent potential damage to cellular components. The arrangement of degradative enzymes within these organelles ensures the safe breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into harmless substances, thereby protecting the cell from oxidative stress.