Final answer:
dCTP forms a phosphodiester bond with the new strand of adenovirus DNA, which is a covalent bond between the phosphate group of dCTP and the 3' carbon of the previous nucleotide, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone.
Step-by-step explanation:
The kind of bond that deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) forms with the new strand of adenovirus DNA upon binding is a phosphodiester bond. This occurs during the DNA replication process, where dCTP as a deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP), provides the nucleotide 'C' for the growing DNA strand. When dCTP binds to its complementary base on the adenovirus DNA template, it loses two phosphate groups as pyrophosphate, and the remaining phosphate creates a covalent bond with the third carbon atom (3') of the sugar of the previous nucleotide in the chain. This forms a sugar-phosphate backbone that is essential for DNA structure and stability.