Final answer:
A plasmid that can integrate into a host chromosome is called a transposon, which is a DNA element capable of moving within a genome and affecting genetic makeup.
Step-by-step explanation:
A transposon is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size. Plasmids that have sequences enabling them to be packed into bacteriophages and possibly integrate into the host genome are sometimes referred to as phagemids. Unlike other options provided, like vectors which are tools for DNA delivery, the transcription process, or biotechnological techniques, transposons are associated with the direct integration of plasmid DNA into a host chromosome.
Understanding the role of plasmids and their use in molecular biology is crucial for techniques like cloning, whereby recombinant plasmids are introduced into bacteria to replicate, transcribe, and translate foreign DNA inserted within the plasmid.