Final answer:
Factory buildings in Northern England and Lowell, MA have distinct visual and spatial characteristics related to the production processes they housed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main visual and spatial characteristics of factory buildings in Northern England and Lowell, MA are influenced by the production processes they housed. In Northern England, the factory buildings were described as "Dark satanic mills" due to their austere industrial architecture and the black clouds of smoke and coal dust they emitted. These buildings were often made of iron and glass, with the Crystal Palace being an early example of this construction style. In Lowell, MA, the mill buildings were constructed of red brick with large windows to let in light, creating the appearance of a rural New England town. The use of red brick and large windows was related to the textile production process, as the buildings needed natural light for the workers to see the fabrics clearly.