Final answer:
Avant-gardes in the late 19th century rejected established authority and embraced new ideas and techniques in art, focusing on experimentation and artistic independence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Avant-gardes in the late 19th century were characterized by their rejection of established authority and their embrace of new ideas and techniques.
These artists aimed to create art that reflected the modern world and challenged traditional norms.
Some defining characteristics of cultural avant-gardes in the late 19th century included experimentation with new art methods, subjects, and styles, as well as a focus on artistic independence and autonomy.
Avant-gardes were not a cohesive group and their characteristics varied across different nations.