Final answer:
An acute exacerbation of asthma is most appropriately treated with inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids, typically intravenous corticosteroids for immediate effect. These medications alleviate symptoms by reducing airway constriction and inflammation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Asthma
An acute exacerbation of asthma is commonly treated with inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Bronchodilators act to soothe the constricted air passages and help to re-expand them, which eases breathing difficulties. Inhaled bronchodilators provide quick relief during an asthma attack. Corticosteroids, on the other hand, can be administered either orally or intravenously, and are used to reduce inflammation in the airways. Therefore, option 2 (Inhaled bronchodilators and intravenous corticosteroids) is the appropriate treatment for an acute exacerbation of asthma. In more severe cases, systemic corticosteroids may be used to manage type III hypersensitivities, such as those seen in severe asthma. These treatments aim to control symptoms and prevent further attacks by reducing airway inflammation.
It is also important to avoid asthma triggers to prevent exacerbations. These triggers can include environmental factors such as pollution, allergens, and changes in temperature. Longer-term treatments may include anti-inflammatory drugs and lifestyle adjustments to minimize exposure to triggers.