Final answer:
The modified bases in tRNA molecules contribute to their complex tertiary structure, enabling them to serve as adapter molecules in protein synthesis by correctly pairing amino acids with codons on mRNA. so, option 5 is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The function of the specially modified bases in tRNA molecules is to provide additional chemical complexity to allow for unique tertiary structures. tRNA, or transfer RNA, is crucial in the process of translation, where it serves as an adapter molecule that reads the information encoded in the mRNA. Due to its structural design, tRNA can carry a specific amino acid and an anticodon that will pair with the appropriate codon in the mRNA sequence. This pairing is essential for proper protein synthesis, ensuring that the correct amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain and that the sequence of the final protein is accurate.
The function of the specially modified bases in tRNA molecules is to prevent 'wrong' amino acid from being added to the growing polypeptide. The tRNA molecules must be able to recognize the codons on mRNA and match them with the correct amino acid. On one end of its structure is a binding site for a specific amino acid. On the other end is a base sequence that matches the codon specifying its particular amino acid. This sequence of three bases on the tRNA molecule is called an anticodon.