Final answer:
In Act II of Hamlet, Polonius sends Renaldo to France to gather information about Laertes, Polonius believes that Hamlet's madness is caused by his love for Ophelia, and the Queen thinks that Hamlet's madness is due to the death of his father and her marriage to Claudius.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Polonius sends Renaldo to France to spy on Laertes and report back to him about Laertes' behavior and activities.
2. Polonius believes that Hamlet's madness is caused by his love for Ophelia.
3. The Queen thinks that the reason for Hamlet's madness is his father's death and her hasty remarriage to Claudius.
4. Marcellus and Cornelius bring news about the ghost of King Hamlet appearing for two consecutive nights.
5. The quote 'To be or not to be, that is the question' is stated by Hamlet himself in his famous soliloquy.
6. Polonius says that he will hide behind an arras (curtain) and observe Hamlet's meeting with Ophelia to determine if his madness is caused by love.
7. Ophelia gives Hamlet some love letters and gifts that he had given her in the past.
8. Hamlet tells Ophelia to go to a nunnery, implying that she should stay away from men and not marry.
9. When Polonius asks if Hamlet knows him, Hamlet replies with a sarcastic and disrespectful response.
10. Hamlet refers to Denmark as a prison.
11. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are summoned to find out the reason behind Hamlet's strange behavior.
12. Hamlet feels terrible about his lack of action and his inability to avenge his father's murder.
13. Hamlet is afraid that the ghost might be a devil or an evil spirit trying to deceive him.
14. Hamlet's plan to get more evidence is to stage a play called 'The Mousetrap' that resembles the murder of King Hamlet in order to gauge Claudius' reaction.
15. In this act, Hamlet is much more cruel and harsh towards Ophelia compared to the previous act. This change in behavior could be due to his growing mistrust and anger towards women.
16. Hamlet interacts with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in a suspicious manner and expresses his doubts about their loyalty to him.
17. King Claudius' reaction to the play reveals his guilt as he becomes uncomfortable and disturbed by the content of the play, which mirrors his own actions.
18. Act II ends with Hamlet delivering another soliloquy where he expresses his feelings of frustration, confusion, and despair.