Question

In all eukaryotic cells, an inhibitor tRNA recognizes the codon AUG and provides the amino acid ___ which begins all protein chains?

1) Tryptophan
2) Alanine
3) Leucine
4) Methionine
5) Tyrosine

Answer 1

The initiator tRNA recognizes the codon AUG in eukaryotic cells, which provides the amino acid Methionine as the first residue in the protein synthesis process, although it is often removed later. (option 4)

Step-by-step explanation:

In all eukaryotic cells, the initiator tRNA recognizes the codon AUG, which serves as the start codon for protein synthesis. The amino acid associated with this initiator tRNA is Methionine. During translation initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA at the AUG start codon, and the initiator tRNA carrying Methionine is positioned to initiate the formation of the polypeptide chain.

Methionine holds a special significance as the amino acid that commences the synthesis of all protein chains in eukaryotic cells. It plays a fundamental role in the initiation of translation and contributes to the establishment of the primary structure of proteins.

The recognition of the AUG start codon by an initiator tRNA carrying Methionine is a universal mechanism in eukaryotic cells, underscoring the significance of Methionine as the amino acid that initiates the synthesis of all protein chains.