Final answer:
Toussaint L'Ouverture fought against Napoleon's attempt to reclaim Saint Domingue, leading to his eventual capture and imprisonment by the French. Despite his imprisonment, Jean-Jacques Dessalines continued the fight, leading to Haitian independence and the formation of the first Black republic.
Step-by-step explanation:
Toussaint L'Ouverture reacted strongly when Napoleon Bonaparte attempted to reassert French control over Saint Domingue. As leader of the Haitian Revolution, L'Ouverture fought for total independence and commanded an army against the French forces. Despite initial losses, due in part to disease and starvation, the French agreed to a truce with L'Ouverture's forces in May 1802. However, the French later betrayed this ceasefire, capturing L'Ouverture and deporting him to France where he was imprisoned and died.
In response to the threat of slavery's reinstatement and colonial subjugation, L'Ouverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, continued the fight, eventually leading to the defeat of Napoléon's forces and the declaration of Haiti's independence in 1804. After L'Ouverture's capture, Dessalines and other Haitian leaders fought to fully liberate Haiti, culminating in the establishment of the first Black republic.