Final answer:
Restricting user access to programs and data files on an on-line computer system does not include monitoring network traffic, but rather it involves controlling privileges, firewalls, and encryption. Monitoring is about observing the flow of data rather than restriction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Restricting user access to programs and data files does not include monitoring network traffic. This task involves different mechanisms for ensuring the security and proper use of information systems. Controlling user privileges, implementing firewalls, and using encryption techniques are all direct methods to restrict access and protect data. Monitoring network traffic, however, is more about observing and analyzing the flow of data over the network to identify potential security breaches or unexpected behavior, rather than restricting access outright.
In places like the United States where there's a balance between freedom of information and the need for security, the decision on what to restrict often goes to the court system. Globally however, the degree to which internet activities are allowed or restricted can vary widely based on a country's laws and governance.