Final answer:
The status of a de facto corporation can only be directly challenged by the state government, which has the authority to ensure compliance with corporate laws and regulations. Thus the option 2 is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The status of a de facto corporation can be directly challenged by the state government. Private citizens typically do not have standing to directly challenge the legitimacy of a corporation unless they can show tangible harm or a direct interest. However, the state has an interest in ensuring that all corporations operating within its jurisdiction comply with statutory requirements and adhere to good corporate governance practices. The state can bring an action to challenge a company's corporate status for not meeting legal incorporation standards.
As for the broader aspect of corporations and their accountability, it is essential to note that corporations are considered to be single entities distinct from the individuals who make them up. This legal distinction allows corporations to be treated as persons for certain legal purposes, such as entering into contracts and incurring liability. The responsibilities and liabilities of a corporation are typically separate from those of its shareholders, directors, and employees.