Final answer:
Müllerian mimicry is when multiple toxic species have similar warning coloration to reinforce avoidance by predators, in contrast to Batesian mimicry where a harmless species mimics a harmful one.
Step-by-step explanation:
When two dangerous species exhibit similar warning signals or coloration, it is known as Müllerian mimicry. This type of mimicry occurs when multiple toxic species, like foul-tasting butterflies, share the same warning coloration. The concept behind Müllerian mimicry is that by sharing common coloration, these species collectively reinforce the avoidance behavior in potential predators. This is because predators more quickly learn to avoid prey that has a consistent and recognizable warning signal associated with unpleasant or harmful effects.
Müllerian mimicry contrasts with Batesian mimicry, where a harmless species will mimic the warning signals of a harmful one to deter predators. Both strategies are effective, but Müllerian mimicry involves a mutual benefit to all parties involved, as each species reinforces the others' warning signals. This natural phenomenon highlights the complex interrelationships and evolutionary strategies among species in their quest to survive and deter predation.