Question

Sexual dimorphism (size, weaponry etc.) is most pronounced in which of the following species?

1) Species where mating is polygynous (one male several females)
2) Species where mating is monogamous (one male one female)
3) Polycystic
4) Protandrous

Answer 1

Sexual dimorphism is most pronounced in species with polygynous mating systems, where intense male competition leads to significant differences between genders in size and other traits to attract females and secure mating opportunities.

Step-by-step explanation:

Sexual dimorphism, which refers to differences in size, weaponry, and other traits between males and females, is generally most pronounced in species with polygynous mating systems. In these systems, one male mates with several females, leading to intense competition among males for mating opportunities. This competition drives the evolution of pronounced sexual dimorphisms, as males must stand out to attract mates or fend off rival males. For instance, the large size and elaborate decorations seen in peacocks are a result of this selection pressure. In contrast, monogamous species, where one male pairs with one female, generally show less sexual dimorphism, as both sexes have a similar rate of reproductive success and similar selective pressures.

In polygynous species, females typically carry the responsibility of parental care, allowing males to invest more energy into competing for mates. Different types of polygyny, like resource-based polygyny, harem mating, and lek systems, contribute to these differences.