Final answer:
Molecular phylogenetic studies show that most human genetic variation is found in Africa, suggesting that homo sapiens originated on this continent which is confirmed by the diversity in mtDNA and Y chromosome evidence. The correct answer is option 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
Molecular phylogenetic studies of modern human populations support the statement that most human genetic variation is found in Africa. This conclusion is drawn from the evidence that genetic variance unique to Africa was not found outside of this continent, suggesting that Africa is the locus of the longest continuous human genetic lineage.
The Out of Africa model is further supported by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome analysis, which indicates all humans share common ancestors from Africa approximately 200,000 years ago. This rich genetic diversity in Africa reflects the deep evolutionary history of human populations on the continent.
The hypotheses about human evolution are complex and the picture is further complicated by the possibility of interbreeding between different human species as modern humans spread around the globe. Despite this complexity, the current consensus remains focused on an African origin for Homo sapiens. This is complemented by research into the coevolution of humans and other species, such as lice, as well as archaeological and fossil records that show a long-standing presence of humans in Africa.