Final answer:
Camillo Golgi discovered the Golgi apparatus using a 1) brightfield microscope along with a silver staining technique, which allowed the visualization of this cellular structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Golgi apparatus was discovered a century ago by the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi. He made this groundbreaking discovery using a light microscope and a novel staining technique he developed. The type of microscope used specifically was a brightfield microscope combined with a silver staining method that increased the contrast necessary to visualize the structures within cells.
It's important to point out that other types of microscopes mentioned, such as transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes, were not available during Golgi's time. These technologies were developed later and provide greater detail and magnification, allowing for the observation of much smaller structures than those that can be seen with light microscopes.