Final answer:
Peripheral proteins do not have amino acids embedded within the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer, unlike integral and transmembrane proteins. They associate with the membrane surface via non-covalent interactions. The correct option is 1) Peripheral proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The membrane proteins that do not have amino acids embedded within the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer are called peripheral proteins. Unlike integral proteins and transmembrane proteins, peripheral proteins do not span the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer.
Instead, they are associated with the surface of the lipid bilayer, attached either through interactions with the polar head groups of the phospholipids, the hydrophilic surfaces of integral membrane proteins, or a combination of both.
These associations are typically through non-covalent bonds like hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. Therefore, peripheral proteins can be involved in a variety of functions, such as cell signaling, as they can be easily removed and interact with components on the outside or inside surface of the membrane.
Glycoproteins, on the other hand, are often types of integral or transmembrane proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to them and can span or be embedded in the membrane. Consequently, the correct option for proteins that are not embedded within the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer is option 1) Peripheral proteins.