Final answer:
The central dogma of molecular biology dictates that RNA information is used to direct protein synthesis in a process called translation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which information in an RNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of a polypeptide according to the central dogma is called translation.
In understanding the central dogma, we must recognize the steps involved in gene expression: transcription and translation. During transcription, the information in a gene's DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). Subsequently, this mRNA travels from the nucleus to the ribosome, where translation occurs. Translation is the phase where the genetic code carried by the mRNA is read and translated into a specific sequence of amino acids, effectively producing a protein. The ribosome facilitates this by reading the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA in sets of three, known as codons, with the aid of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that bring the corresponding amino acids.
The central dogma thus describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to Protein, which is fundamental to biological processes in all organisms except for some viral exceptions.