Question

The views expressed in the passage best illustrate which of the following processes?

(A) The modification of the economic theories of Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill in European universities
(B) The desire to retain preindustrial forms of economic production by many imperial governments
(C)The formulation of alternative visions of society in response to the spread of global capitalism
(D) The expansion of the middle classes in newly industrialized societies

Answer 1

The views expressed illustrate the formulation of alternative visions of society as a response to global capitalism, reflecting economic and social changes during the Industrial Revolution and the critiques of thinkers such as Marx and Weber.

Step-by-step explanation:

The passage given discusses the transformation of European societies with the rise of capitalism, the influence of economic thinkers like Adam Smith, and the shift in economic systems from mercantilism to capitalism. It particularly highlights the processes of economic and social transformation following the Agricultural Revolution, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution, positing that these changes led to discussions about the merits of various economic systems such as socialism and capitalism, and the societal roles suggested by thinkers like Max Weber, Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim.

Given these themes, the views expressed in the passage best illustrate the process of (C) The formulation of alternative visions of society in response to the spread of global capitalism. This choice best captures the essence of the changes described, where intellectuals and others observed the spread of capitalism and responded with new social and economic theories.