Final answer:
To increase the temperature of 500 g of lead from 20 °C to 45 °C, 1.6 kilojoules of energy is needed.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 500 g of lead from 20 °C to 45 °C, we can use the specific heat capacity formula:
Q = mcΔT
Where Q is the amount of energy (in joules), m is the mass of the substance (in kilograms), c is the specific heat capacity (in J/kg/°C), and ΔT is the change in temperature (in °C).
Plugging in the values:
Q = (500 g) × (0.128 kJ/kg/°C) × (45 °C - 20 °C)
Q = (500 g) × (0.128 kJ/kg/°C) × (25 °C) = 1600 J = 1.6 kJ
Therefore, the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 500 g of lead from 20 °C to 45 °C is 1600 Joules or 1.6 kilojoules.