Final answer:
A cataract is a cloudiness in the lens of the eye, leading to diffused light and blurred vision. Treatment often involves replacing the clouded lens with an artificial one, which can restore vision. Preventative measures include wearing plastic sunglasses to shield eyes from UV light.
Step-by-step explanation:
A cataract is defined as a progressive opacity or cloudiness in the lens of the eye, which can lead to blurred or dim vision. The lens of the eye is usually clear, allowing light to pass through and be focused on the retina. When a cataract forms, it scatters or diffuses light as it passes through the lens, preventing a sharply defined image from reaching the retina. This can significantly impair vision and is a common cause of blindness, particularly if left untreated.
Treatment for cataracts is typically straightforward and successful, involving the replacement of the clouded lens with an artificial plastic lens. This procedure can restore vision effectively. It is also important to note that vitamins A and C have been found to potentially protect against the formation of cataracts. Moreover, protection from UV light using sunglasses can help prevent cataracts, particularly those made from plastic which provide more effective UV protection compared to glass sunglasses.
An interesting aspect of cataract surgery is that when the natural lens is removed, an intraocular lens is implanted to restore vision. If this lens is calibrated correctly, the patient may achieve perfect distant vision. However, the ability to read without glasses after the surgery depends on other factors such as presbyopia.