Final answer:
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal condition that primarily affects premature infants. It is characterized by inflammation and death of the intestinal tissue. Treatment involves stopping enteral feeding, administering antibiotics, and providing supportive care.
Step-by-step explanation:
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal condition that primarily affects premature infants. It is characterized by inflammation and death of the intestinal tissue, leading to symptoms such as abdominal distension, bloody stools, and feeding intolerance. The exact cause of NEC is still unknown, but it is thought to involve a combination of factors, including abnormal gut colonization, immune system immaturity, and reduced blood flow to the intestines.
NEC can be diagnosed through clinical symptoms, physical examination, and imaging studies like X-rays and ultrasounds. Treatment typically involves stopping enteral feeding, administering antibiotics to fight infection, and providing supportive care to help the baby's intestines heal. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove necrotic bowel tissue.