Final answer:
Metamorphism is the term that describes changes to sediment in response to increasing pressure and temperature and the effects of fluids following burial.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes changes to sediment in response to increasing pressure and temperature and the effects of fluids following burial is metamorphism. Metamorphism is the process by which a pre-existing rock, known as the protolith, is altered by a change in temperature, pressure, or contact with chemically reactive fluids. This alteration process involves the recrystallization of minerals in the rock, resulting in the formation of a new metamorphic rock with altered appearance and composition.