Final answer:
Klinefelter syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome (XXY) in males due to meiotic nondisjunction, which leads to symptoms such as underdeveloped sex organs and learning difficulties.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disease caused by meiotic nondisjunction of the X chromosome in a male zygote with an XXY configuration is Klinefelter syndrome. This condition presents in males who have an additional X chromosome, leading to a range of symptoms such as underdeveloped sex organs, longer limbs, and learning difficulties. Unlike Down syndrome, which is the result of trisomy 21, or Turner syndrome, which results from having only one X chromosome without the accompanying second sex chromosome, Klinefelter syndrome specifically arises from having an extra X chromosome in males.
The disease resulting from meiotic nondisjunction of the X chromosome in a male zygote with an XXY configuration is Klinefelter syndrome. This genetic condition manifests in males who possess an additional X chromosome, resulting in a chromosomal configuration of 47,XXY. Klinefelter syndrome is associated with a spectrum of symptoms, including underdeveloped sex organs, longer limbs, and learning difficulties.
It's crucial to distinguish Klinefelter syndrome from other chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, and Turner syndrome, resulting from the absence of one X chromosome (45,X). Klinefelter syndrome is characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome in males, illustrating the importance of understanding the specific chromosomal configurations underlying different genetic conditions and their corresponding clinical manifestations.