Final answer:
The term that accurately describes the replication of DNA in vivo is Replication, a process where the genetic material is duplicated before cell division and is essential for inheritance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct term for the replication of DNA in vivo is Replication.
During the process of DNA replication, the original DNA strand serves as a template for the creation of a new DNA molecule, ensuring that each daughter DNA molecule is an exact copy of the parental DNA. This is vital for cell division and for transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next. Transcription involves converting a segment of DNA into RNA, whereas translation is the process whereby the sequence of bases in mRNA is read to produce a protein. A mutation, on the other hand, refers to a change in the DNA sequence, which can have varying effects on the organism.
According to the central dogma, genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA via transcription and then to protein through translation. DNA replication plays a crucial role in this dogma as it enables cells to pass genetic information to their progeny with high fidelity.