Final answer:
The Postclassic period in Ancient America is characterized by the rise of city-states, sophisticated pottery, architecture, irrigation techniques, religious traditions, and a complex network of trade, particularly under cultures such as the Aztecs and Maya.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Postclassic Period in Ancient America
The Postclassic period in Ancient America is characterized by significant changes and developments in the societies across Mesoamerica.
This period, which extends from around 900 CE to the Spanish conquest in 1519, saw the rise and fall of powerful civilizations, such as the Aztecs and the continuation of others like the Maya.
It is marked by the emergence of large city-states, advances in architecture, and the increased complexity of economic and political systems.
During the Postclassic period, Mesoamerica was dominated by three major cultures: the Olmecs, the Maya, and the Aztecs.
While the Olmec civilization was considered the forerunner of Mesoamerican cultures and thrived during the Pre-Classical period, the Maya and Aztec civilizations were prominent during the Postclassic era.
Communities in this time were organized into city-states, more sophisticated pottery was created, and there were continued advancements in agricultural practices, religion, and trade networks.
Despite the initial disruption caused by Spanish conquest, Mesoamerican culture continued to evolve under Spanish control, although it was significantly transformed.
It is important to note that while the date marking the end of the Postclassic period is somewhat contested, due to the enduring influence of Mesoamerican culture post-conquest, the arrival of Spaniards in Tenochtitlan in 1519 is commonly used as a marker.
Prior to the arrival of Columbus, the collective indigenous cultures of the Americas, including Mesoamerica, South America, and the Caribbean, are referred to as Pre-Columbian.