Final answer:
The process known as mitosis is the division of a cell's nucleus that results in two daughter cells with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Step-by-step explanation:
The division of the nucleus of a cell into two new cells such that each new daughter cell has the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original parent cell is a process known as mitosis. This is option 4 in the list you've provided. Mitosis is a multi-phase process that involves the following phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, followed by cytokinesis. During mitosis, the sister chromatids are separated into two nuclei that are genetically identical to the original nucleus, maintaining the diploid number of chromosomes, which in humans is 46 (23 pairs).
In contrast, meiosis is a two-step division process resulting in four genetically unique haploid cells (gametes), which only have one set of chromosomes. While meiosis is important for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity, mitosis is crucial for growth, repair, and general asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells.