Final answer:
The Colosseum had a retractable roof system called the velarium, operated by sailors. Built in 80 CE, it seated up to 80,000 people for various spectacles. This architectural feat served both entertainment and political purposes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheater, is a historical marvel of architecture and engineering from ancient Rome. Its construction was completed in 80 CE under Emperor Titus. One fascinating aspect of its design was indeed a form of retractable roof, known as the velarium, which was a large awning that could be extended over the seating area to protect spectators from the sun. It is believed that this awning was operated by Roman sailors, who had the necessary skills to manage the complex system of ropes and pulleys required.
The Colosseum was capable of seating between 50,000 and 80,000 people, and it hosted a variety of public spectacles, including gladiator fights, animal hunts, and mock naval battles. Romans implemented advance ticketing system where spectators had assigned seats inscribed with Roman numerals above the respective archways of the ground-floor. This is reminiscent of modern stadiums today. The events not only served as entertainment but also as a political strategy to provide the populace with 'bread and circuses' to distract from governance issues and display imperial grandeur.