Final answer:
The term that refers to differences between groups of people based on their country of origin, backgrounds, and beliefs is1) diversity. It includes a wide range of human differences and encourages inclusivity. Discrimination, segregation, and integration are related but distinct concepts.
Step-by-step explanation:
Differences between groups of people, based on their country of origin, backgrounds, and beliefs, are referred to as 1) diversity. This term encompasses the range of human differences, including but not limited to race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, social class, physical ability or attributes, religious or ethical values system, national origin, and political beliefs. Embracing diversity can lead to a more inclusive and enriched society. Discrimination, on the other hand, is the unfair treatment of individuals based on such characteristics and can manifest in labor markets when workers receive different pay or job opportunities due to their race or gender. Segregation is the enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment, and integration is the process of uniting or bringing together different groups.