Final answer:
Ape vocal communication is not very flexible and is not mainly genetically determined. Apes have limited vocalizations with fixed meanings and do not possess the open-ended, flexible qualities of human language in the wild. Their capacity for learned language-like behaviors in captivity suggests potential but not a genetically determined system.
Step-by-step explanation:
2) False. Ape's vocal communication is not very flexible and mainly genetically determined.
While apes, such as chimpanzees and gibbons, produce a variety of vocalizations, these are fairly fixed and have limited meanings compared to the flexibility of human language. Gibbon songs may convey specific information with each note, but the overall system lacks the limitless recombination of signs that characterizes human language. Studies on captive great apes have shown that they can learn some aspects of language in a controlled environment, suggesting they have biological features that enable this.
However, in the wild, the communication systems of apes do not demonstrate the same open-ended and flexible qualities found in human language. These capacities in apes tend to be learned through human interaction and training, rather than being purely genetically determined. This indicates that while genetic factors may underlie potential for learning, flexibility in ape communication is not inherent nor mainly dictated by genetics.