Final answer:
The process of evaluating scientific research for its originality, significance, and quality before publication is known as peer review, which is conducted by specialists in the same field.
Step-by-step explanation:
The formal process through which scientific research is vetted for originality, significance, and quality before being accepted into scientific literature is known as peer review. This critical process involves specialists in the same field who evaluate the submitted work for its validity, contributions to the field, and relevance before it can be published. Peer review serves as a filter to ensure that only high-quality research is disseminated and forms the cornerstone of scholarly communication.