Question

Having too many control plans directed at the same control goal is called:

1) control efficiency
2) control effectiveness
3) control redundancy
4) control completeness

Answer 1

Having too many control plans aimed at the same control goal is known as control redundancy. Command-and-control regulations have been criticized for their inefficiency, lack of incentives for further pollution reduction, and potential to stifle innovation.

Step-by-step explanation:

Having too many control plans directed at the same control goal is called control redundancy. Command-and-control regulation in environmental policy refers to the government imposing specific limits and requirements on pollution levels. Economists have identified several problems with this regulatory approach:

1. Inefficiency due to firms having different production technologies and, therefore, facing different abatement costs.
2. No incentive for firms to exceed the standards, resulting in a lack of motivation to further reduce pollution once the basic requirements are met.
3. Potential stifling of innovation because firms are not encouraged to develop better pollution reduction technologies beyond the mandated standards.