Final answer:
The staircase effect, also known as Treppe, represents a warm-up effect due to increasing intracellular calcium concentration in muscle contraction. The correct answer is 3) warm-up effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
The staircase effect or Treppe represents a warm-up effect due to increasing intracellular calcium concentration.
When a skeletal muscle has been dormant for an extended period and then activated to contract, the initial contractions generate about one-half the force of later contractions.
The muscle tension increases in a graded manner that looks like a set of stairs. This tension increase is called treppe, also known as the "staircase effect".
Therefore, the correct answer is 3) warm-up effect.