Final answer:
The statement that managers lead by encouragement, cooperation, and are group/team oriented is generally true and aligns with the Theory Y approach of modern management, which emphasizes participatory and inclusive styles fostering a cooperative relationship between employees and managers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Managers who lead by encouragement, cooperation, and are group/team oriented align with what is called a Theory Y approach. This style of management presumes that most people seek satisfaction and fulfillment from their work, and benefit from a leadership style that is more participatory and collective. These managers view employees as proactive and resourceful team members who are motivated by more than just financial rewards, and they create an environment where employees can contribute ideas and participate in decision making which leads to the overall success of the organization.
On the contrary, a Theory X approach assumes that workers are inherently lazy and need to be strictly managed and controlled with the use of punishments and rewards. In today's more modern workplace environments, emphasis is often placed on flat organizational structures, team collaboration, and transformational leadership styles which foster a cooperative relationship between managers and employees.