Final answer:
A patient can be influenced psychologically by others' attitudes through social influence, attitudes shaped by beliefs and experiences, and expectancy effects like the placebo and nocebo effects. Cognitive dissonance and persuasion are also key in shaping patient attitudes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A patient can be psychologically influenced by others' attitudes through various social and psychological mechanisms. Social influence includes the effects of conformity, compliance, obedience, and the role of authority figures, which can lead individuals to conform to group norms or follow orders against their personal values. Attitudes, which consist of affective, behavioral, and cognitive components, can also be shaped by a patient's personal beliefs, life experiences, and societal constructs of health and illness. Moreover, the placebo and nocebo effects, which root from a patient's belief in the effectiveness or harmfulness of a treatment, demonstrate how psychological expectations can influence health outcomes. Cognitive dissonance and persuasion techniques like the central and peripheral routes to persuasion can change or reinforce attitudes affecting patient behaviors.