Final answer:
George Gilles de la Tourette was the French neurologist who described 'maladie des tics' in 1885, now known as Tourette Syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The French neurologist who studied under Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot and published a paper in 1885 describing a strange neurological condition referred to as 'maladie des tics' was George Gilles de la Tourette. This condition is now commonly known as Tourette Syndrome, which is characterized by involuntary vocal sounds and movements. As one of Charcot's pupils, Gilles de la Tourette contributed significantly to the understanding of various neurological conditions, furthering the idea that such disorders were organically based afflictions.