Question

After deciding on a research problem or paradox, if the researcher starts with a theory, then forms a hypothesis, makes empirical observations, and so on, this is known as the ____________ approach.

1) Inductive
2) Deductive
3) Qualitative
4) Quantitative

Answer 1

The process starting with a theory and progressing to hypothesis, then empirical observations is the deductive approach, which is characteristic of hypothesis-based science.

Step-by-step explanation:

After deciding on a research problem or paradox, if the researcher starts with a theory, then forms a hypothesis, makes empirical observations, and so on, this process is known as the deductive approach. The approach begins with a general theory and becomes more specific as it progresses through the formulation of a hypothesis that is then tested with empirical observations. This method reflects the hypothesis-based science, which is typically deductive and concerned with testing a theory or hypothesis against real-world observations.

The scientific method often begins with a deductive phase, as the researcher uses existing theories to formulate a hypothesis, which is then empirically tested. Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is: 2) Deductive approach.