Final answer:
The Instance Theory of Automaticity describes how repeated experience with a task leads to the ability to perform it with minimal cognitive effort. Tasks that were once difficult and required effortful processing can become automatic over time as we accumulate more instances of performing them in our memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Instance Theory of Automaticity is a concept in psychology that explains how a person can perform tasks with little to no cognitive effort after having repeated them enough times. This theory suggests that each time we perform a task, we create specific instances or examples in our memory. As these instances accumulate, the task becomes more automatic. An example of this would be driving a car; for a novice, it requires a great deal of concentration and effort, but once the process is practiced sufficiently, the driver can perform it with minimal active thought.
Another related concept is the idea of automatic processing, which refers to the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words without conscious awareness. Conversely, efforts that require our active attention are part of effortful processing. Learning new material often begins as effortful processing and, with practice, can become more automatic, allowing for quick recall and execution without the need to actively think through each step.
To truly understand and apply this theory in practical situations, one must internalize the complete concept through repeated exposure and practice until it becomes an automatic response. Complex cognitive tasks, such as understanding and applying new concepts, can gradually transition from effortful to automatic as the mind becomes accustomed to the processes involved.