Final answer:
Fat distribution in the body is influenced by hormones and genetics. Fat deposited in the abdominal cavity (visceral fat) contributes more to disease risk compared to fat stored in the hips. Measurement of waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio can be used to assess abdominal fat.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fat distribution in the body is influenced by hormones and genetic factors. Males tend to accumulate fat in different areas like the neck, arms, lower back, and abdomen, while females accumulate fat in areas like the breasts, hips, thighs, and buttocks. The body mass index (BMI), although commonly used as a measure of fat, may not accurately indicate health in individuals who are extremely physically fit. The fat distribution also plays a role in disease risk, with visceral fat (fat deposited in the abdominal cavity) contributing more to this risk. Measuring waist circumference above the belly button can help assess visceral fat. Men with a waist circumference greater than 40 inches and women with a waist circumference greater than 35 inches are predicted to face greater health risks. Abdominal fat or central obesity is associated with a higher risk of obesity-related diseases compared to fat stored in the hips. The waist-to-hip ratio can be measured as a better predictor of abdominal fat. For males, a ratio greater than 0.95 indicates excessive abdominal fat, while for females, a ratio greater than 0.86 indicates excessive abdominal fat.