Final answer:
A daycare's consideration of the increasing number of working mothers for hiring decisions is an example of studying demographic forces, which include social trends that impact labor supply and service demand. The correct option is 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a daycare center considers the increase in the number of working mothers in its area to determine how many employees to hire, it is primarily studying demographic forces. This is because demographic forces entail understanding population dynamics such as birth rates, death rates, immigration, aging populations, and social trends such as gender roles in the workforce. In this case, the social trend of more women working outside the home directly impacts the supply of labor and demands for services such as daycare, exemplifying how changing demographics affect business decisions.
When a daycare center looks at the recent increase in the number of working mothers in its area to determine how many employees to hire, this is an example of studying demographic forces. Demographic forces refer to the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and occupation, and how these factors impact society. In this case, the increase in working mothers is a demographic change that the daycare center is considering when making employment decisions.